Chapter 2 . Artificial Atoms Academic and Research Staff
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When electrons are confined to a small particle of metal or a small region of semiconductor, both the energy and charge of the system are quantized. In this way such nanometer-sized systems behave like artif!~ial atoms. ,The quantization of energy is !amlhar: The solutl~ns of the Schrodinger equation In an Isolated region have discrete energies. In some ways, however, the quantization of charge is more mysterious. We are quite comfortable with the idea that the charge of a collection of electrons is discrete. However, the charge in any small volume of a large sample of conductor is not discrete because the electronic wavefunctions are extended over the entire sample. Only when the states are localized is the charge quantized.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009